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How do lasers work ?

Light Amplified by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, simply known as “LASER”, is one of the greatest achievements of modern optics. With the use of stimulated emission or quantum mechanical exploitation’s effect, lasers generate monochromatic beam made of protons. The light source of non-lasers normally generates unfocused, incoherent beams of light at different wavelengths, which prohibits some application.

There are two necessary components to create a laser, resonant optical cavity and a gain medium. You can use several things for a gain such as crystals, gasses, glasses, some dyed liquids and semiconductors. The energy pump source stimulates the gain medium, while a different laser or electrical current may be used as a power source pump. The energy absorbed by the medium places its particles in a state of excitement. After achieving the population inversion, light shining through the medium results to more emission stimulation or energy released than intake.

The second component to make a laser is resonant optical cavity or a chamber with mirror and a semi-silvered mirror on each ends. Both surfaces serve as reflectors and traps light for back and forth reflection in the gain medium. In this case, greater level of energy is acquired at every pass. This effect saturates the gain turning the light into laser. The different wavelengths of a laser depend on the size of the gain medium.

Laser have two kinds, pulse and continuous. The most commonly used type of laser for most applications is continuous laser. However, this kind of laser uses larger amount of energy. The level of the beam fades over time depends inversely with the diameter to its proportion. Larger leaser beams stays coherent while smaller beams rapidly diverge.

In the 1960s, Bell Labs introduced laser, however, it has no specific use that time. Nowadays, lasers’ are used for many applications and has become one of the most versatile wonders of technology. There are numerous applications for lasers like vision correction, cutting, measurements, nuclear fusion and even display and holography.

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